Adventures in Scaffold Morphing: Discovery of Fused Ring Heterocyclic Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) Inhibitors

J Med Chem. 2018 Feb 8;61(3):1061-1073. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01490. Epub 2018 Jan 19.

Abstract

Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitors are potential cancer therapeutics that can be utilized for enhancing the efficacy of DNA damaging agents. Multiple small molecule CHK1 inhibitors from different chemical scaffolds have been developed and evaluated in clinical trials in combination with chemotherapeutics and radiation treatment. Scaffold morphing of thiophene carboxamide ureas (TCUs), such as AZD7762 (1) and a related series of triazoloquinolines (TZQs), led to the identification of fused-ring bicyclic CHK1 inhibitors, 7-carboxamide thienopyridines (7-CTPs), and 7-carboxamide indoles. X-ray crystal structures reveal a key intramolecular noncovalent sulfur-oxygen interaction in aligning the hinge-binding carboxamide group to the thienopyridine core in a coplanar fashion. An intramolecular hydrogen bond to an indole NH was also effective in locking the carboxamide in the preferred bound conformation to CHK1. Optimization on the 7-CTP series resulted in the identification of lead compound 44, which displayed respectable drug-like properties and good in vitro and in vivo potency.

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Checkpoint Kinase 1 / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Checkpoint Kinase 1 / chemistry
  • DNA Damage
  • Drug Discovery*
  • Heterocyclic Compounds / chemistry*
  • Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Indoles / chemistry
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Domains
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / chemistry*
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Pyridines / chemistry

Substances

  • Heterocyclic Compounds
  • Indoles
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Pyridines
  • thienopyridine
  • indole
  • Checkpoint Kinase 1